Special measurement methods in nanotechnology SPM measurements on graphene Studies on graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and functionalized carbons currently play an important role and were the subject of the last Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to A. Geim and K. Novoselov. An important tool for studying such substances is a Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM), such as that manufactured by Nanonics and...
In the course of technological progress in the field of laser technology in recent years - more compact design and greater reliability - lasers have now left the laboratory and opened up new interesting applications in trade and industry. An example of this is cleaning with pulsed Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers. The driving force behind the development of laser cleaning was the...
Characterization of thin-film solar cells Together with the IRDEP (Insitute of Research and Development on Photovoltaic Energy), Photon etc. has developed a PL mapper for the characterization of thin-film solar cells. Photoluminescence methods are often used to detect defects in a layer system such as LEDs, OFETs or solar cells at an early stage. With these weak processes, the Hyperspectral Imager can increase the efficiency or throughput ...
Fiber laser with adjustable pulse duration enables new ablation processes P2 and P3 in the manufacture of CIGS photovoltaic modules In the manufacture of thin-film photovoltaic modules, coating processes and ablation processes, here the writing of lines, are carried out alternately on a glass plate. This is how the individual solar cells are created with the two electrodes at the top and bottom and the photovoltaic layer in the middle...
Although specialty chemicals have only a 26% share in the European chemical industry, they make a significant contribution to the overall European economy. This is in large part due to the need for these substances in production in a wide variety of industrial sectors such as construction, cosmetics, household, automotive and food. Titanium Dioxide Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a very common industrial...
Not only can light be used to measure, heat and remove material, structures can also be produced. The two most common methods are laser sintering or laser stereolithography, in which a 3D structure is created layer by layer. During sintering, powder is locally heated with the help of a laser beam until it fuses in a targeted manner. Macro laser stereolithography …
The word "nano" is on everyone's lips in many areas today. On the one hand, there is certain information about a geometric size, on the other hand, this word refers to a new generation of particles that have special properties due to their size that the same substance, only slightly larger, no longer shows. Whether nanoparticles in colors, ...
Tunable IR laser sources for near-field microscopy ReadMore »
Raman spectroscopy Two different Raman spectrometer systems are available for structural analysis of materials. Firstly, a large laboratory system from Renishaw with three different laser excitation wavelengths (532nm, 632.8nm and 785nm), high transmission and high spectral resolution. On the other hand, a fiber-coupled compact Raman spectrometer (at 532nm excitation) for quick overview spectra. Laboratory Raman spectroscopy Renishaw's Raman spectrometer is particularly notable for its ...
CARS is a spectroscopy method that has been known for decades and was used in particular to study combustion processes such as in engines and car engines. The CARS effect is a third-order nonlinear effect. Two laser beams (pump beam ωP and Stokes beam ωS) cross in a medium and the anti-Stokes beam ωaS is generated. With this, based on the Raman selection rules, the…
This application note describes short polarized light, delay, and some of the tools used to manipulate the polarization state of light. Also included are descriptions of component combinations that represent common light manipulation tools such as optical isolators, light attenuators, polarization rotators, and variable beamsplitters. Light polarization In classical physics, light of a single color is described by an electromagnetic field...
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